Present Indefinite Tense & Its Uses

নিত্য বৰ্তমান কাল

Prepared by Sri Rupjyoti Goswami PGT (English)

Bhogeswar Hazarika Girls' Higher Secondary School, Bebejia, Nagaon, Assam.

Simple Present/Present Indefinite Tense: This tense refers to events and affairs of the Present time.

Uses: (a) Universal Truths and Scientific Facts (চিৰসত্য ঘটনাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত) : There are certain facts or truths that never fail to happen. These can be related to death, birth, planetary movements and Scientific Facts established by experiments. These facts are invariably expressed in the Present Indefinite Tense.

Examples: Man is mortal.Milk is white. The Sun rises in the East. The Earth moves round the Sun.

The Earth is round. Ice floats on water. Water boils at 100° Celsius.

(b) Habitual Actions (অভ্যাসবশত কৰা কাম) : Certain actions take place on a regular day-to-day basis due to practice and habit. These are also expressed in the Present Indefinite Tense.For example,

He always gets up early in the morning and goes for a morning walk.

She always goes to school on foot.

(c) Routine Affairs/Scheduled Activity (সময়সূচী অনুসৰি নিয়মীয়াকৈ কৰা কাম) : Some actions take place according to an official timetable or routine Present Indefinite Tense is used to express such actions.

The Rajdhani Express always arrives on this platform at 5 PM.Our school starts at 9 am. The summer vacation in Assam starts in July.

(d) In the Subordinate Clause of a Conditional Sentence where 'shall/will' is used : The

"Subordinate Clause" is that part of a sentence which cannot express complete meaning in isolation.If "shall/will"is used in one part of the sentence, the other part is written in the Present Indefinite Tense.(If, till, until, unless থকা চৰ্তসাপেক্ষ বাক্যবোৰৰ এটা অংশত যদি shall,will ব্যৱহাৰ হয়, তেতিয়া আনটো অংশ অৰ্থাৎ গৌণ খন্ডবাক্যটো(Subordinate Clause) থকা অংশটোত Present Indefinite Tense ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।) For example,

If it rains, I shall not go out. Unless he works hard, he will fail.I shall wait until you come back.

(e) If two incidents are mentioned in a sentence written in the Future Perfect Tense, Present Indefinite Tense will be used for the event/action which is expected to take place later. (দুটা ঘটনা বা কাৰ্যৰ উল্লেখ থকা Future Perfect Tense ৰ বাক্যত প্ৰথমে হ'বলগীয়া কাৰ্য্যটোৰ বাবে shall/will have+3rd form ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি পাছত সম্পূৰ্ণ হ'বলগীয়া কাৰ্য্যটোক বুজাবলৈ Present Indefinite Tense ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।)

Example:I shall have reached home before it rains. (বৰষুণ দিয়াৰ আগতে মই ঘৰ গৈ পাম।)

The old man will have divided his property before he dies.

(f) With Non-Conclusive Verbs denoting an Ongoing Action(অসমাপিকা ক্ৰিয়াৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত):The verbs which are associated with our five sense organs and our mental activity are generally classified as 'Non-Conclusive Verbs'.Present Indefinite Tense is used for such verbs that denote an action of the Present time.(বৰ্তমান চলি থকা কাৰ্য্য এটাক প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ সাধাৰণতে এই am/is/are+Verb-ing formটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।কিন্তু এনেকুৱা কিছুমান ক্ৰিয়াপদ (Verb)আছে যিবিলাকক চলি থকা কাৰ্য্য এটাক বুজাবলৈও Verb+ing formত প্ৰকাশ কৰিব নোৱাৰি।এই Verb সমূহ সাধাৰণতে আমাৰ পঞ্চ ইন্দ্ৰিয় (five sense organs)আৰু মানসিক কাৰ্য্যকলাপ(mental activity)ৰ লগত জড়িত।এই সমূহ Verb ক অসমাপিকা ক্ৰিয়া বা Non-Conclusive Verb বোলা হয়।বৰ্তমান চলি কামক বুজাবলৈ এই Verbসমূহক Present Indefinite Tense ত লিখা হয়।)

For example, I see a bird. I feel a headache. I hear a strange sound.

The continuous form of these verbs is not used in spite of the fact that the action is going on at the moment of speaking.

(g) If two incidents of the Present time show a" cause and effect relationship" in a sentence one incident is written in the Present Perfect Tense and the other is written in the Present Indefinite Tense(কাৰ্য্য কাৰন বুজোৱা বৰ্তমান কালৰ দুটা ব্যাকাংশক এটা বাক্যত প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ এটা অংশত Present Perfect ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি আনটো অংশ Present Indefinite Tense ত লিখা হয়।).For example:My father is not at home;he has gone out.

He cannot play in the match as he has injured his foot. He cannot apply for the post as he has not got his certificate yet.

(c) Certain words and phrases denote the Present time and the sentences that contain these words are written in the Present Indefinite Tense on most occasions.(সময়বাচক কিছুমান শব্দৰ লগত প্ৰায়েই Present Indefinite Tense ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।এই শব্দবোৰ হ'ল--always, usually, generally, never, sometimes, often, regularly, frequently, rarely, barely, seldom।) Some of these words are:always, usually, generally, never, sometimes, often, regularly, frequently, rarely,barely,seldom etc.

Formation:1.Subject+1st Form of the verb-Object.e.g.I eat rice.He plays tennis.

2.Do/Does+Subject+verb1+Object.-e.g;Do you play chess ?

3.Subject+am/is/are+Noun(preceded by a,an)/Adjective.-e.g;He is a doctor.She is beautiful.

4.Am/Is/Are+Subject+adjective/Noun(preceded by a, an).-e.g;Is he a doctor ?Is she beautiful?

5.Do/does+Subject+Not+Verb1?-e.g; Do they not work hard?Does she not go to school?

6. Don't/Doesn't+Subject+Verb1?-e.g; Doesn't she have any friend?

7. Am/Is/Are+Subject+not+Adjective/Nouns (preceded by a,an) ?e.g;Is she not happy? Is he not a good person? Is she not tall?

8. Subject+have/has+complement.-e.g;I have many friends here.She has several diplomas.

9. Do/Does+Subject+have+Noun plus other appropriate words?--e.g; Do you have a car?

Does she have a laptop?

10. Sub+have/has+nobody/nothing+to+verb1.--e g;She has nobody to talk to.I have nothing to do.

11.How many+Countable Noun+are there+preposition+appropriate phrase?-e.g;How many students are there in your school?

12. How much+Uncountable Noun+is there+preposition+appropriate phrase?-e.g;How much milk is there in the glass?

13.There is+Singular Countable Noun+Preposition+appropriate phrase.--e.g;There is a potato in the basket.

14. There is+little/a little/much+Uncountable Noun+Preposition+appropriate phrase.-e.g; There is a little milk in the pot. There is little kindness in this world.

15. There are+few/a few/many+Countable Noun+Preposition+Appropriate phrase.-e.g; There are many people in the market.

16. There is+not+much/a little+Uncountable Noun+Preposition+Appropriate Phrase.-e.g; There is not much honesty in the world.

17. There are+not+many/a few+Countable Noun+Preposition+Appropriate Phrase.-e.g; There are not many students in the school.

18. Wh-word+do/does+Subject+Verb1?-e.g; Where does the man live? What do you eat at breakfast? Where do you want to go? Whom do you want to meet?

19. Why+am/is/are+Subject+Adjective ?-e.g;Why is he angry? Why is she so sad? Why is he so thin?

20. Why+is/are/am+Subject+not+Adjective?e.g; Why are you not attentive in the class?

Homework: Write 5 sentences using each of the patterns given above.

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Mr. Rupjyoti Goswami
Post Graduate Teacher (English)
Bhogeswar Hazarika Girls' Higher Secondary School, Bebejia, Nagaon, Assam.
Email: rupjyotigoswami983@gmail.com
Mobile: 9864425896.
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