Simple Complex and compound sentence

Transformation of Sentences - Simple, Complex and compound Sentences Prepared by Mr. Rupjyoti Goswami, Post Graduate Teacher (English) H. N. Seminary Model HS School, Bagribari, Dhubri, Assam.

This topic has already been published in "Shikhya Jyoti", an annual mouthpiece of Dhubri District Higher Secondary Teacher & Employees Association on 6th November, 2022.

1. Simple Sentence: যিবিলাক বাক্যত কেৱল এটা সমাপিকা ক্ৰিয়া (Finite Verb) ৰ লগত এজন কৰ্তা (Subject) থাকি সম্পূৰ্ণ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে সিহতক Simple Sentence বুলি কোৱা হয়। অৱশ্যে এনে বাক্যত ব্যৱহাৰ হোৱা

Participle (Verb+ing not as Continuous Tense), Gerund (Verb+ing as Subject/Object to a preposition/Complement) আৰু Infinitive ("to+Verb1/bare Infinitive) ক মূখ্য ক্ৰিয়াপদ (Main Verb) বুলি গন্য নকৰি অসমাপিকা ক্ৰিয়া (Non-Finites) বুলি গন্য কৰা হয়। অৰ্থাৎ বাক্যটো Simple নে Compound নে Complex — এইটোব চিনাক্ত কৰিবৰ বাবে ইহতক ক্ৰিয়াপদ (Verb) বুলি বিবেচনা কৰা নহয়। উদাহৰনস্বৰূপে I like to read novels-এই বাক্যটোত like টোহে ক্ৰিয়াপদ to read টো নহয়। ঠিক তেনেধৰনেৰে I saw her standing at the gate — এই বাক্যটোত saw টোহে ক্ৰিয়াপদ (Verb), standing টো নহয়।

2. Compound Sentence: যিবিলাক বাক্যত সম্ণূৰ্ণ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰা নিম্নতম দুটা মূখ্য খণ্ডবাক্য (Principal/ Independent Clause) থাকে সিহতক Compound Sentence বুলি কোৱা হয়। অৰ্থাত বাক্য দুটা ইটোৰ পৰা সিটো পৃথক কৰি দিলেও অৰ্থৰ কোনো বিকৃতি বা বিসংগতি নহয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে -My father is a doctor and her father is a policeman.— এই বাক্যটোত থকা My father is a doctor আৰু her father is a policeman- এই অংশদুটা বেলেগকৈও লিখিব পাৰি। Compound Sentence ত ব্যৱহাৰ হোৱা Conjunction বোৰক Co-ordinating Conjunction বুলি কোৱা হয়। এইবিলাক হ'ল— and, but, or, neither...nor, either...or, nevertheless, therefore, as well as, not only...but also আদি।
3. Complex Sentence: যিবিলাক বাক্যত সম্পূৰ্ণ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰা এটা খণ্ডবাক্য (Principal/ Independent Clauseৰ লগত তাৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰা বাক্যাংশ (Subordinate/ Dependent Clause) থাকে সিহঁতক Complex Sentence বুলি কোৱা হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে - I could not attend college as I was ill-এই বাক্যটোৰ I could not attend college - এইটো অংশই কাৰো সহায় নোলোৱাকৈ সম্পূৰ্ণ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে আৰু -as I was ill -এই অংশটোৱে অকলে অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিব পৰা নাই। অৰ্থাত্‍ Complex Sentence ত নিম্নতম এটা মূখ্য খণ্ডবাক্য (Principal Clause) আৰু এটা গৗণ খণ্ডবাক্য (Subordinate Clause) থাকে। Complex Sentence ত ব্যৱহাৰ হোৱা Conjunction বিলাকক Sub-ordinating Conjunction বুলি কোৱা হয়। সেইবিলাক হ'ল--that, if, whether, as soon as, while, before, after, whenever, till, since, wherever, so...that, such...that, so that, as though, as if, though, although, even though, even if, Unless, until, because, W/H-word (as relative pronoun) আদি।

Simple Sentence লৈ পৰিৱৰ্তন কৰাৰ কিছুমান নিয়ম:-
1. বাক্যৰ আৰম্ভণিত Verb+ing ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Compound Sentence ক Simple Sentence লৈ পৰিবৰ্তন কৰা হয়। এনেক্ষেত্ৰৰ বাক্যটো and ৰে সংয়োগ হোৱাৰ উপৰিও দুটা -মূখ্য ক্ৰিয়া (Main Verb) পদ থাকিব লাগিব। প্ৰথম বাক্যটোত থকা মূখ্য ক্ৰিয়া (Main Verb) টোক আগলৈ আনি তাৰ পাছত ing যোগ দি স্থান অনুসৰি (Subject) কৰ্তা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে —
He received the phone call and ran towards the road. (Compound)
Receiving the phone call, he ran towards the road. (Simple)

2. বাক্যৰ মাজত WH-word+Past Tense থাকিলে তাৰ স্থানত to+verb 1 ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিও Simple
Sentence লৈ পৰিবৰ্তন কৰা হয়। যেনে—
Gopinath Bordoloi was the first Assamese who received the Bharat Ratna. (Complex)
Gopinath Bordoloi was the first Assamese to receive the Bharat Ratna. (Simple)

3. Subject+WH-word/that+'be' verb+adjective থকা বাক্যত A/an+adjective+Noun form টো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Simple Sentence লে পৰিবৰ্তন কৰা হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে—
A boy who is intelligent can easily understand this sum. (Complex)
An intelligent boy can easily understand this sum. (Simple)

4. Sub+WH-word/that+'be'verb+Verb>ing ৰে আৰম্ভ কৰা Complex Sentenceক Simple Sentence লৈ পৰিৱৰ্তন কৰিবলৈ WH-word/that আৰু 'be'verb আতৰাই দিলেই হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে—
The girl who is cooking rice is my sister. (Complex)
The girl cooking rice, is my sister. (Simple)

5. So...that ৰ স্থানত Too...to ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিও Complex Sentence ক Simple Sentence লৈ পৰিবৰ্তন কৰা হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে—
(a) He is so weak that he can not walk.(Complex) >
Ans:- He is too weak to walk. (Simple)
(b) The box is so heavy that I can not lift it. (Complex)
Ans:- The box is too heavy for me to lift. (Simple)

6. ক্ৰিয়াপদ থকা বাক্যৰ কোনো এটা অংশক এটা বা দুটা শব্দত প্ৰকাশ কৰিলেও বাক্যটো Simple Sentence লৈ পৰিবৰ্তন কৰিব পাৰি। এনেক্ষেত্ৰত সেই অংশটোৰ verb টো আতৰাই দিওঁতে অৰ্থৰ যাতে বিকৃতি নহয়, তাৰ প্ৰতি লক্ষ্য ৰাখিব লাগে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে—
(a) I know where he was born. (Complex)
Ans:- I know his birthplace/place of birth. (Simple)
(b) I know where he lives. (Complex)
Ans:- I know his address. (Simple)

Simple Sentences into Compound and Complex Sentences:-
1. Having finished his dinner, he went to bed. (Simple)
Ans:- He had finished his dinner and went to bed. (Compound)
As soon as he had finished his dinner, he went to bed. (Complex)

2. Having corrected all the mistakes, she published her poems.(Simple)
Ans:- She had corrected all the mistakes and published her poems. (Compound)
As soon as she had corrected all the mistakes, she published her poems. (Complex)

3. Having done his work,he left the place. (Simple)
Ans:- He had done his work and left the place. (Compound)
As soon as he had done his work, he left the place. (Complex)

4. Receiving the phone-call, he ran towards the road. (Simple)
Ans:- He received the phone-call and ran towards the road. (Compound)
As soon as he received the phone-call, he ran towards the road. (Complex)

5. Looking over the rock, the hunter saw the man-eater. (Simple)
Ans:- The hunter looked over the rock and saw the man-eater. (Compound)
As soon as the hunter looked over the rock, he saw the man-eater. (Complex)

6. Realizing his mistake, he decided to correct it. (Simple)
Ans:- He realized his mistake and decided to correct it. (Compound)
As soon as he realized his mistake, he decided to correct it. (Complex)

7. He worked hard to pass the examination. (Simple)
Ans:- He worked hard and passed the examination. (Compound)
He worked so hard that he passed the examination. (Complex)

8. He tried hard to earn enough money. (Simple)
Ans:- He tried hard and earned enough money. (Compound)
He tried so hard that he earned enough money. (Complex)

9. He tried hard to gain popularity. (Simple)
Ans:- He tried hard and gained popularity. (Compound)
He tried so hard that he gained popularity. (Complex)

10. Unfortunately, he died in the accident. (Simple)
Ans:- He died in the accident and it was unfortunate. (Compound)
It was unfortunate that he died in the accident. (Complex)

11. Fortunately, he got a government job. (Simple)
Ans:- He got a government job and he was fortunate. (Compound)
It was fortunate that he got a government job. (Complex)

12. Luckily he escaped unhurt in the accident. (Simple)
Ans:- He escaped unhurt in the accident and he was lucky. (Compound)
It was lucky that he escaped unhurt in the accident. (Complex)

13. Probably he will be the Captain of the Indian Cricket team. (Simple)
Ans:- He will be the Captain of the Indian Cricket team and it is probable. (Compound)
It is probable that he will be the Captain of the Indian Cricket team. (Complex)

14. He could not attend the function because of illness. (Simple)
Ans:- He was ill and could not attend the function. (Compound)
He could not attend the function because he was ill. (Complex)

15. I could not attend college owing to my illness. (Simple)
Ans:- I was ill and could not attend college. (Compound)
I could not attend college as I was ill. (Complex)

16. We should love our neighbours. (Simple)
Ans:- Some people live near us and we should love them. (Compound)
We should love those who live near us. (Complex)

17. I know his address (place of living). (Simple)
Ans:- He lives in a place and I know it. (Compound)
I know where he lives (Complex).
(OR) I know the place where he lives. (Complex)

18. An intelligent student can make out this sum. (Simple)
Ans:- A student who is intelligent, can make out this sum. (Complex)
The student is intelligent and can make out this sum. (Compound)

19. An honest man is respected by all. (Simple)
Ans:- A man who is honest, is respected by all. (Complex)
The man is honest and he is respected by all. (Compound)

20. A hard-working person never misses any opportunity. (Simple)
Ans:- A person who is hard-working, never misses any opportunity. (Complex)
The person is hard-working and he never misses any opportunity. (Compound)

21. The box is too heavy for me to lift. (Simple)
Ans:- The box is very heavy and I cannot lift it. (Compound)
The box is so heavy that I can not lift it. (Complex)

22. The ceiling is too high for him to touch. (Simple)
Ans:- The ceiling is very high and he can not touch it. (Compound)
The ceiling is so high that he can not touch it. (Complex)

23. The old man is too weak to walk. (Simple)
Ans:- The old man is very weak and he can not walk. (Compound)
The old man is so weak that he can not walk. (Complex)

24. He goes to college, far away from his house. (Simple)
Ans:- He goes to college and it is far away from his house. (Compound)
He goes to college which is far away from his house. (Complex)

25. He lives in a village six miles away from the town. (Simple)
Ans:- He lives in a village and it is six miles away from the town. (Compound)
He lives in a village which is six miles away from the town. (Complex)

26. I saw her talking to someone. (Simple)
Ans:- I saw her and she was talking to someone. (Compound)
I saw her while she was talking to someone. (Complex)

27. I saw a policeman running after a thief. (Simple)
Ans:- I saw a policeman and he was running after a thief. (Compound)
I saw a policeman while he was running after a thief. (Complex)

28. I saw a man quarrelling with his wife. (Simple)
Ans:- I saw a man and he was quarrelling with his wife. (Compound)
I saw a man who was quarrelling with his wife. (Complex)

29. In spite of his poverty, he was happy. (Simple)
Ans:- He was poor, but he was happy. (Compound)
Though he was poor, he was happy. (Complex)

30. In spite of his illness, he will do his duty. (Simple)
Ans:- He is ill, but he will do his duty. (Compound)
Though he is ill, he will do his duty. (Complex)

31. I heard of her failure. (Simple)
Ans:- She failed and I heard of it. (Compound)
I heard that she had failed. (Complex)

32. The girl is both beautiful and intelligent. (Simple)
Ans:- The girl is not only beautiful but (she is) also intelligent. (Compound)

1. Click here for Report Writing by Rupjyoti Goswami

2. Click here for Letter writing by Rupjyoti Goswami

3. Click here for Poster writing

4. Click here for A few important Letter writing

5. Click here for Degree of comparison by Rupjyoti Goswami

6. Rules for Transforming Sentences

7. Click here for fully solved HS Correct Tenses

8. Click here for fully solved Hs Narration

9. Click here for fully solved HS Voice Change

10. Click here for fully solved HS Preposition

11. Click here for fully solved HS transformation of sentences.

12. Click here for Notice Writing by Mr. Rupjyoti Goswami.

13. Click here for Unseen Passage

14. Click here for Usage Present Indefinite Tense

15. Click here for Simple Complex and compound sentence.

Mr. Rupjyoti Goswami
Post Graduate Teacher (English)
Bhogeswar Hazarika Girls' Higher Secondary School, Bebejia, Nagaon, Assam.
Email: rupjyotigoswami983@gmail.com
Mobile: 9864425896.
Contact us (whatsapp no-7020477396) for free notes on English, Political Science, Logic & Philosophy, MIL Assamese, Advanced Assamese, Swadesh Adhyayan, Economics, Education, History.