1.What is Marshal Plan ?
Ans:-1.Marshal
plan was introduced by US to provide financial help for the revival of
European economy.Under the MarshalPlan,Organisation For European
Economic Cooperation (OECC) was established in 1948 to channel aid to
west European states.
2.It became a forum where the western European states began to cooperate on trade & economic issues.
3.The Council of Europe, established in 1949,was another step forward in political cooperation.
4.The
process of economic integration of European capitalist countries
proceeded step by step leading to the formation of the European Economic
Community in 1957.
2. What is Schengen Visa ?
Ans:- Under the
Schengen agreement,you have to get a visa from just one of the EU
countries & that allows you entry most of the European Union
countries.
3. When did European Union Established?
Ans:-EU was
established in 1992. The foundation was thus laid for a common foreign
and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs, and the
creation of a single currency.
4. Write down the Economic,Political& Diplomatic & Military Influences Of European Union.
Ans:-Economic,Political& Diplomatic & Military Influences Of European Union are :
• ECONOMIC INFLUENCE
1.The
EU is the world’s biggest economy with a GDP of more than $12 trillion
in 2005, slightly larger than that of the United States.
2.Its currency, the euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar.
3.
Its share of world trade is three times larger than that of the United
States allowing it to be more assertive in trade disputes with the US
and China.
• POLITICAL & DIPLOMATIC
1. Two members of the EU, Britain and France, hold permanent seats on the UN Security Council.
2.
The EU includes several non-permanent members of the UNSC. This has
enabled the EU to influence some US policies such as the current US
position on Iran’s nuclear programme.
3. Its use of diplomacy,
economic investments, and negotiations rather than coercion and military
force has been effective as in the case of its dialogue with China on
human rights and environmental degradation.
• MILITARY INFLUENCE
1.The EU’s combined armed forces are the second largest in the world. Its total spending on defence is second after the US.
2.Two EU member states, Britain and France, also have nuclear arsenals of approximately 550 nuclear warheads.
3.It is also the world’s second most important source of space and communications technology.
5. When& how did ASEAN was established ?What are its objectives ?
Ans:-*ASEAN
was established in 1967 by five countries of this region — Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — by signing the
Bangkok Declaration.
*The 1st objective of ASEAN were primarily to
accelerate economic growth and through that ‘social progress and
cultural development’.
*A secondary objective was to promote regional
peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the
United Nations Charter.
6. What is ASEAN WAY ?
Ans:-It is a
form of interaction that is informal,non-confrontationist and
cooperative.It was initiated to promote ASEAN as supernational
structures and institutions.
7. What is ASEAN Regional Forum ?
Ans:- It is the organization that promotes coordination of security and foreign policy.This forum was established in 1994.
8. Name 3 pillars and their objectives of ASEAN Community ?
Ans:-
*ASEAN
SECURITY COMMUNITY : The ASEAN security community was based on the
conviction that outstanding territorial disputes should not escalate
into armed fights. By 2003, ASEAN had several agreements in place by
which member states promised to uphold peace, neutrality, cooperation,
non-interference, and respect for national differences and sovereign
rights.
*ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY : The ASEAN region as a whole
is a much smaller economy compared to the US, the EU, and Japan, its
economy is growing much faster than all these.
*The objectives of the
ASEAN Economic Community are to create a common market and production
base within ASEAN states and to aid social and economic development in
the region.
*ASEAN has focused on creating a Free Trade Area (FTA) for investment, labour, and services.
*ASEAN
SOCIO-CULTURAL COMMUNITY:The main motive of this community is to
maintain peace and prosperity amongst the member countries as well as to
resolve disputes.
9. In what way Soviet model to Chinese economy made it a developed nation ?
Ans:-
•
Immediately after its independence in 1949 the people’s republic
ofchina adopted the soviet model of economy under the leadership of Mao.
The model was to create a state-owned heavy industries sector from the
capital accumulated from agriculture.
• This model allowed China
to use its resources to establish the foundations of an industrial
economy on a scale that did not exist before.
• Under this
model,Employment and social welfare was assured to all citizens, and
China moved ahead of most developing countries in
• educating its citizens and ensuring better health for them.The economy also grew at a respectable rate of 5-6 percent.
•
But an annual growth of 2-3% in population meant that economic growth
was insufficient to meet the needs of growing population.
• Agriculture production was not sufficient to generate a surplus for industry.
10. How did china end its political & economic isolation ? Examine the steps towards setting up market economy in China.
Ans:- China faced state controlled economic crises its industrial production was not growing fast
enough,
international trade was minimal and per capita income was very low. The
Chinese leadership took major policy decisions in the 1970s.
End
of political and economic isolation :China ended its political and
economic isolation with the establishment of relations with the United
States in 1972.
4 areas of Modernization : Premier Zhou Enlai
proposed the four modernizations (agriculture,industry, science and
technology and military) in 1973.
Open door policy:By 1978, the
then leader Deng Xiaoping announced the ‘open door’ policy and economic
reforms in China. The policy was to generate higher productivity by
investments of capital and technology from abroad.
Privatisation:China
followed its own path in introducing a market economy. The Chinese did
not go for ‘shock therapy’ but opened their economy step by step. The
privatisation of agriculture in 1982 was followed by the privatisation
of industry in 1998.
Special Economic Zones:Trade barriers were
eliminated only in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) where foreign investors
could set up enterprises. In China, the state played and continues to
play a central role in setting up a market economy.
11. What are the outcomes of the new economic reforms in china ?
Ans:-POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES
• Privatisation of agriculture led to a remarkable rise in agricultural production and rural incomes.
• High personal savings in the rural economy lead to an exponential growth in rural industry.
• The Chinese economy, including both industry and agriculture, grew at a faster rate.
• The new trading laws and the creation of Special Economic Zones led to a phenomenal rise in foreign trade.
• China has become the most important destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) anywhere in the world
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
• 1.Unemployment has risen in China with nearly with nearly 100 million people looking for jobs.
• 2.Female employment & conditions of work are as bad as in Europe of 18th& 19th centuries.
•
3.Environmental degradation & corruption have increased besides a
rise in inequality between rural & urban residents.
Post Graduate Teacher (Political Science)
H.N.Seminary Model HS School, Bagribari, Dhubri,Assam
Email : brahmaratan@gmail.com
Mobile : 7020477396
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